Educational technologies for teaching hand hygiene: Systematic review.

AIM: To gather available scientific evidence on technologies used to teach hand hygiene to professional populations and lays involved in health care in the hospital setting. This systematic review was designed as proposed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, included studies reporting primary, original, quantitative research findings with no date limit and written in English, Spanish or Portuguese. The search was performed in the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, US National Library of Medicine, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ProQuest. The eligibility criteria were applied independently by two reviewers to select the studies, first by reading the titles and abstracts on the Rayyan platform and then by full text reading of the eligible studies. After a descriptive analysis, the studies were subjected to critical evaluation of their methodological quality using JBI tools. RESULTS: Seven studies were included, addressing various methods for teaching hand hygiene using different technological resources, such as audiovisual electronic devices, videos, virtual reality, and gamification using tablets and smartphones, in different populations. CONCLUSION: Using technologies to teach hand hygiene considerably helps patients, visitors, and relatives in learning the procedures and efficiently improves hand hygiene compliance rates among healthcare professionals, creating evidence-based repetitive learning opportunities for patients and caregivers.

Intervenção educativa para melhorar o manejo do dispositivo de acesso vascular totalmente implantado / Intervención educativa para mejorar el manejo del dispositivo de acceso vascular totalmente implantado / Educational intervention to improve management of totally implanted vascular access device

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa para enfermeiros para aumentar o conhecimento e as habilidades práticas de manejo de dispositivos de acesso vascular totalmente implantados. Métodos Estudo quase-experimental realizado em um hospital universitário. A intervenção incluiu exposição a um manual de procedimentos seguida de treinamento teórico-prático sete dias depois. Oitenta e um enfermeiros foram avaliados no início do estudo, após autoexposição ao manual e após receberem treinamento teórico-prático. Os participantes foram avaliados quanto ao seu conhecimento e habilidades práticas no gerenciamento de dispositivos de acesso vascular totalmente implantados. Estatísticas descritivas foram realizadas para todas as variáveis. O teste t pareado foi utilizado para examinar se a pontuação média mudou desde a linha de base até a primeira e segunda avaliações de conhecimento, acesso, desacesso e manutenção do cateter. O nível de significância foi definido como 0,05. Resultados Os aumentos médios nas pontuações após a exposição dos enfermeiros ao manual foram de 18,2 pontos para conhecimento, com 16,5 pontos para técnica de acesso, 15,5 para técnica de desacesso e 24,2 para técnica de manutenção do cateter. Após o treinamento teórico-prático, observamos aumento médio de 4,2 pontos para acesso, com 3,9 para desacesso e 4,2 para manutenção do cateter. Conclusão A intervenção educativa para enfermeiros aumentou os escores médios de conhecimentos e habilidades práticas. Ao final da intervenção, 75% dos enfermeiros atingiram pelo menos 33 pontos de 38 para conhecimento e 77%, 77% e 78% obtiveram escores perfeitos para acesso, desacesso e manutenção, respectivamente. A intervenção educativa foi eficaz na melhoria do conhecimento e das habilidades práticas para manejo de dispositivos de acesso vascular totalmente implantados.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa para enfermeros para aumentar los conocimientos y las habilidades prácticas de manejo de dispositivos de acceso vascular totalmente implantados. Métodos Estudio cuasi experimental realizado en un hospital universitario. La intervención incluyó la exposición a un manual de procedimientos, seguida de una capacitación teórico-práctica siete días después. Se evaluó a 81 enfermeros al comienzo del estudio, después de la autoexposición al manual y después de recibir la capacitación teórico-práctica. Los participantes fueron evaluados respecto a sus conocimientos y habilidades prácticas en la gestión de dispositivos de acceso vascular totalmente implantados. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas para todas las variables. Se utilizó el test-t pareado para examinar si el puntaje promedio cambió desde la línea basal hasta la primera y segunda evaluación de conocimientos, acceso, desacceso y mantenimiento del catéter. El nivel de significación fue definido como 0,05. Resultados El aumento promedio de los puntajes después de la exposición de los enfermeros al manual fue de 18,2 puntos en el conocimiento, con 16,5 puntos en la técnica de acceso, 15,5 en la técnica de desacceso y 24,2 en la técnica de mantenimiento del catéter. Después de la capacitación teórico-práctica, observamos un aumento promedio de 4,2 en el acceso, 3,9 en el desacceso y 4,2 en el mantenimiento del catéter. Conclusión La intervención educativa para enfermeros aumentó el puntaje promedio de conocimientos y habilidades prácticas. Al final de la intervención, el 75 % de los enfermeros alcanzó por lo menos 33 puntos de 38 en el conocimiento y el 77 % obtuvo puntaje perfecto en el acceso y en el desacceso y el 78 % en el mantenimiento. La intervención educativa fue eficaz en la mejora de los conocimientos y habilidades prácticas para el manejo de dispositivos de acceso vascular totalmente implantados.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention for nurses to increase knowledge and practical skills of management of totally implanted vascular access devices. Methods A quasi-experimental study conducted in a teaching hospital. The intervention included exposure to a manual of procedures followed by a theoretical-practical training seven days later. Eighty-one nurses were evaluated at baseline, after self-exposure to the manual, and after receiving the theoretical-practical training. Participants were evaluated on their knowledge and practical skills of totally implanted vascular access device management. Descriptive statistics were performed for all variables. Paired t test was used to examine whether the mean score changed from the baseline to first and second assessments of knowledge, access, de-access and maintenance of catheter. Significance level was set to 0.05. Results Mean increases in scores after nurses were exposed to the manual were: 18.2 points for knowledge, 16.5 points for access technique, 15.5 for de-access technique, and 24.2 for catheter maintenance technique. After the theoretical-practical training, we observed a mean increase of 4.2 points for access, 3.9 for de-access and 4.2 for catheter maintenance. Conclusion The educational intervention for nurses increased mean scores of knowledge and practical skills. At the end of the intervention, 75% of the nurses reached at least 33 points out of 38 for knowledge, and 77%, 77%, and 78% had perfect scores for access, de-access, and maintenance, respectively. The educational intervention was effective in improving knowledge and practical skills for management of totally implanted vascular access devices.

Instruments and scales for the evaluation of acute radiation dermatitis: A systematic review.

Various assessment instruments have been proposed to document and evaluate radiation dermatitis. In this systematic review, we identified nineteen instruments or scales for the evaluation of radiation dermatitis and performed a critical review of the signs and symptoms included in each of them. Of those scales, only two have been validated. There is a need to revise the currently used instruments so to improve their capability to measure all relevant aspects of radiation dermatitis and their severity. In addition, it would be important to add the patients' view of their conditions and how they affect their lives. Finally, in order to be useful in clinical and research settings, instruments for evaluation of radiation dermatitis should be submitted to the validation process that is currently prescribed in the field of outcome measures development.

Incidence of radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients during hypofractionated radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence, dose of occurrence, grade, severity, and associated risk factors for the development of radiodermatitis, by area of the irradiated breast, in women with breast cancer, during hypofractionated radiotherapy. METHOD: Observational, prospective, and longitudinal study, according to the guidelines of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology, carried out between May 2019 and May 2021. RESULTS: A total of 104 women participated in the study, and 73.1% (95%CI: 64-82) developed signs of radiodermatitis during treatment. The majority (63.5%, 95%CI: 54-73) developed erythema in the axillary region with about 36.5 Grays. Women with large breasts and statin users are more likely to develop radiodermatitis. However, women with Phototype III skin color classification (light brown skin) are less likely to develop radiodermatitis, with skin color being a protective factor. CONCLUSION: The incidence of radiodermatitis in women with breast cancer during hypofractionated radiotherapy is significant. Therefore, the development of protocols for the management of this radiotoxicity is suggested, considering the cumulative dose and associated risk factors.

Cuidados de enfermagem em emergências oncológicas: revisão integrativa / Atención de enfermería en emergencias oncológicas: revisión integradora / Nursing care in oncological emergencies: integrative review

Objetivo: Identificar os cuidados de enfermagem descritos na literaturapara o manejo das emergências oncológicas. Método: Revisão integrativa, cuja busca foi realizada nas bases de dados CINAHL, Cochrane, LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science e Google Acadêmico. O risco de viés foi avaliado usando as ferramentas do Joanna Briggs Institute. O nível da evidência foi avaliado usando a escala do Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Resultados: Foram identificados 17 estudos abordando cuidados de enfermagem para o manejo de 9 emergências oncológicas, sendo as mais frequentes: hipercalcemia (n=4), síndrome de lise tumoral (n=3), síndrome da veia cava superior (n=3) e neutropenia febril (n=3). Os cuidados de enfermagem contemplam aspectos fisiológicos e psicológicos da doença. O risco de viés foi baixo a moderado na maioria dos estudos. Conclusão: Os estudos destacam cuidados integrais de observação e monitoramento do paciente. Conhecer os cuidados de enfermagem para emergências oncológicas são essenciais para melhorar a qualidade da assistência.

Objective: To identify the nursing care described for the management of oncological emergencies. Method: Integrative review, carried out in the CINAHL, Cochrane, LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. The risk of bias was assessed using the tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The level of evidence was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine scale. Results: 17 studies were identified addressing nursing care for the management of 9 oncological emergencies, with the most frequent beingabout: hypercalcemia (n = 4), tumor lysis syndrome (n = 3), superior vena cava syndrome (n = 3) and febrile neutropenia (n = 3). Nursing care includes physiological and psychological aspects of the disease. The risk of bias was low to moderate in most studies. Conclusion: The studies provide comprehensive observation and monitoring care for the patient. Knowing nursing care for oncological emergencies is essential to improve the quality of care.

Objetivo: Identificar los cuidados de enfermería para el manejo de emergencias oncológicas. Método: Revisión integrativa, realizada en CINAHL, Cochrane, LILACS,PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science y Google Scholar. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante herramientas del Joanna Briggs Institute. El nivel de evidencia se evaluó mediante la escala del Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine. Resultados: 17 estudios abordaran la atención de enfermería para el manejo de 9 emergencias oncológicas, siendo las más frecuentes: hipercalcemia (n = 4), síndrome de lisis tumoral (n = 3), síndrome de vena cava superior (n = 3) y neutropenia febril (n = 3). La atención de enfermería incluye los aspectos fisiológicos y psicológicos. El riesgo de sesgo fue de bajo a moderado en la mayoría de los estudios. Conclusión: Los estudios brindan atención de seguimiento y observación del paciente. Conocer la atención de enfermería para emergencias oncológicas es fundamental para mejorar la atención.

Use of Chamomile Infusion to Mitigate Radiotherapy-Induced Dry Desquamation in Head and Neck Cancer Patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of using a compress with Chamomilla recutita infusion in the regression of dry desquamation and in the prevention of moist desquamation in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. METHODS: A prospective intervention study was carried out from May 2019 to May 2021. In total, 43 participants were included, who were instructed to apply the compress with the infusion 3 times a day, after occurrence of dry desquamation. Skin evaluation took place daily from initiation of the intervention up to the end of radiotherapy. RESULTS: All the participants presented dry desquamation regression, where 65.1% (95% CI 50.1-78.1) had total regression until the end of radiotherapy, with a mean of 9 days of regression. Only 34.9% (95% CI 21.8-49.9) of the participants developed moist desquamation by the end of the radiotherapy sessions, with a mean accumulated dose of ionizing radiation of 50.9 Gy. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the potential clinical benefits of using Chamomilla recutita in the regression of dry desquamation and in the prevention of moist desquamation.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms to predict acute radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that can predict acute radiation dermatitis (RD) in breast cancer patients (BC), and the association between SNPs and RD severity. METHODS: We performed the search in seven databases and the gray literature, and a meta-analysis to assess SNPs in patients with RD and to evaluate the association between SNPs and severe RD. RESULTS: We included sixteen single-arm cohort studies with 4742 BC. The most prevalent SNPs were the TGFß1 rs1800469 (41%), and the GSTA1 rs3957356 (36%). Seven genotypes were associated with severe RD (PTTG1 rs3811999-CC; PTTG1 rs2961950-AA; MAD2L2 rs2294638-GG; MAT1A rs2282367-GG; GSTA1 rs3957356-CT; CD44 rs8193-CT; SH3GL1 rs243336-GC) and five SNPs were associated with lower RD (PTTG1 rs2961952-GG; CD44 rs8193-CC; PTTG1 rs3811999-CT; MAT1A rs2282367-GA; OGG1 rs2075747-AA). CONCLUSIONS: The genotyping of SNPs more prevalent may be a strategy for predicting RD in BC, and some genotypes (GSTA1 rs3957356-CT; MAT1A rs2282367-GG) are associated with severe RD.

Incidence of acute radiodermatitis in women with breast cancer undergoing hypofractionated radiotherapy / Incidencia de radiodermatitis aguda en mujeres con cáncer de mama sometidas a la radioterapia hipofraccionada / Incidência de radiodermatite aguda em mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas à radioterapia hipofracionada

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the incidence and degree of acute radiodermatitis at the end and after the end of treatment in women with breast cancer undergoing hypofractionated radiotherapy. Methods: Observational, prospective, and longitudinal study, conducted between March 2019 and January 2020, in a radiotherapy outpatient clinic. Results: Thirty-two women participated in the study, among whom, in the last session of hypofractionated radiotherapy, 15 (46.9%) had radiodermatitis, erythema in 13 (40.6%), and wet peeling in 2 (6.3%). In the post-treatment evaluation, 27 (84.4%) had radiodermatitis, erythema in 17 (53.1%), dry peeling in 8 (25%), and wet peeling in 2 (6.3%). Conclusion: The general incidence of radiodermatitis after hypofractionated radiotherapy in women with breast cancer was 37.5%, erythema, 12.5%, and dry peeling, 25%. The development of care protocols for the management of radiodermatitis after treatment is of paramount importance.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia y el grado de radiodermatitis aguda al final y después el término del tratamiento en mujeres con cáncer de mama sometidas a la radioterapia hipofraccionada. Métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y longitudinal, realizado entre marzo de 2019 y enero de 2020, en un ambulatorio de radioterapia. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 32 mujeres, de entre las cuales, en la última sesión de radioterapia hipofraccionada, 15 (46,9%) presentaban radiodermatitis, siendo eritema en 13 (40,6%) y descamación húmeda en 2 (6,3%). En la evaluación después del tratamiento, 27 (84,4%) presentaban radiodermatitis, siendo eritema en 17 (53,1%), descamación seca en 8 (25%) y descamación húmeda en 2 (6,3%). Conclusión: La incidencia general de radiodermatitis después radioterapia hipofraccionada en mujeres con cáncer de mama fue 37,5%: eritema, 12,5%; y descamación seca, 25%. Es de suma importancia el desarrollo de protocolos asistenciales para el manejo de radiodermatitis después del tratamiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a incidência e o grau de radiodermatite aguda ao final e após o término do tratamento em mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas à radioterapia hipofracionada. Métodos: Estudo observacional, prospectivo e longitudinal, realizado entre março de 2019 e janeiro de 2020, em um ambulatório de radioterapia. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 32 mulheres, dentre as quais, na última sessão de radioterapia hipofracionada, 15 (46,9%) apresentavam radiodermatite, sendo eritema em 13 (40,6%) e descamação úmida em 2 (6,3%). Na avaliação após o tratamento, 27 (84,4%) apresentavam radiodermatite, sendo eritema em 17 (53,1%), descamação seca em 8 (25%) e descamação úmida em 2 (6,3%). Conclusão: A incidência geral de radiodermatite após radioterapia hipofracionada em mulheres com câncer de mama foi 37,5%: eritema, 12,5%; e descamação seca, 25%. É de suma importância o desenvolvimento de protocolos assistenciais para o manejo de radiodermatite após o tratamento.

Incidence of radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients during hypofractionated radiotherapy / Incidencia de radiodermatitis en pacientes con cáncer de mama durante la radioterapia hipofraccionada / Incidência de radiodermatite em pacientes com câncer de mama durante a radioterapia hipofracionada

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the incidence, dose of occurrence, grade, severity, and associated risk factors for the development of radiodermatitis, by area of the irradiated breast, in women with breast cancer, during hypofractionated radiotherapy. Method: Observational, prospective, and longitudinal study, according to the guidelines of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology, carried out between May 2019 and May 2021. Results: A total of 104 women participated in the study, and 73.1% (95%CI: 64-82) developed signs of radiodermatitis during treatment. The majority (63.5%, 95%CI: 54-73) developed erythema in the axillary region with about 36.5 Grays. Women with large breasts and statin users are more likely to develop radiodermatitis. However, women with Phototype III skin color classification (light brown skin) are less likely to develop radiodermatitis, with skin color being a protective factor. Conclusion: The incidence of radiodermatitis in women with breast cancer during hypofractionated radiotherapy is significant. Therefore, the development of protocols for the management of this radiotoxicity is suggested, considering the cumulative dose and associated risk factors.

RESUMEN Objectivo: Analizar la incidencia, dosis de ocurrencia, grado, severidad y factores de riesgo asociados para el desarrollo de radiodermatitis, por área de la mama irradiada, en mujeres con cáncer de mama, durante radioterapia hipofraccionada. Método: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y longitudinal, según las directrices del Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology, realizado entre mayo de 2019 y mayo de 2021. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 104 mujeres, el 73,1% (IC 95%: 64-82) desarrollaron signos de radiodermatitis durante el tratamiento. La mayoría (63,5%, IC95%: 54-73) desarrolló eritema en la región axilar con alrededor de 36,5 Grays. Las mujeres con senos grandes y usuarias de estatinas tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar radiodermatitis. Sin embargo, las mujeres con color de piel clasificado como Fototipo III (piel morena clara) tienen menos probabilidades de desarrollar radiodermatitis, siendo el color de piel un factor protector. Conclusión: La incidencia de radiodermatitis en mujeres con cáncer de mama durante la radioterapia hipofraccionada es significativa. Por lo tanto, se sugiere el desarrollo de protocolos para el manejo de esta radiotoxicidad, considerando la dosis acumulada y los factores de riesgo asociados.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a incidência, a dose de ocorrência, o grau, a severidade e os fatores de risco associados para o desenvolvimento de radiodermatite, por área da mama irradiada, em mulheres com câncer de mama, durante a radioterapia hipofracionada. Método: Estudo observacional, prospectivo e longitudinal, conforme diretrizes do Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology, realizado entre maio de 2019 e maio de 2021. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 104 mulheres, 73,1% (IC95%: 64-82) desenvolveram sinais de radiodermatite durante o tratamento. A maioria (63,5%, IC95%: 54-73) desenvolveu eritema na região axilar com cerca de 36,5 Grays. Mulheres com mamas volumosas e usuárias de estatinas possuem maior chance de desenvolver radiodermatite. Entretanto, mulheres com a cor da pele classificada como Fototipo III (pele morena clara) possuem menor chance de desenvolver radiodermatite, sendo a cor da pele um fator protetor. Conclusão A incidência de radiodermatite em mulheres com câncer de mama durante a radioterapia hipofracionada é expressiva. Sugere-se, portanto, o desenvolvimento de protocolos para o manejo desta radiotoxicidade, considerando a dose cumulativa e fatores de risco associados.

A Mobile App (AMOR Mama) for Women With Breast Cancer Undergoing Radiation Therapy: Functionality and Usability Study.

BACKGROUND: Mobile apps targeting women with breast cancer can facilitate access to information, improve well-being, and record reports of treatment-related symptoms. However, it is important to confirm the benefits of these apps before they are used as a tool in clinical care. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functionality and the usability of a mobile app created to guide and monitor patients with breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy. METHODS: The evaluation process of the mobile app was performed in 2 steps with 8 professionals, including nurses, physician, medical physicists, and communication networks engineer. The first step was the focus group, which allowed obtaining suggestions proposed by the participants regarding the improvement of the mobile app. The second step was the individual filling in of an evaluation tool to obtain objective measures about the mobile app. A minimum concordance index of 80% was considered to ensure the adequacy of the material. RESULTS: After the mobile app was evaluated by 8 professionals, only 1 item of the evaluation tool, that is, concerning the potentiality of the app to be used by users of different educational levels, obtained a concordance index <80%. CONCLUSIONS: The mobile app titled "AMOR Mama" was considered suitable, which suggests its contribution to an educational health technology to guide and monitor patients with breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy. More studies with this target population should be carried out to assess the performance and quality of the mobile app during its use.

Incidence of acute radiodermatitis in women with breast cancer undergoing hypofractionated radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and degree of acute radiodermatitis at the end and after the end of treatment in women with breast cancer undergoing hypofractionated radiotherapy. METHODS: Observational, prospective, and longitudinal study, conducted between March 2019 and January 2020, in a radiotherapy outpatient clinic. RESULTS: Thirty-two women participated in the study, among whom, in the last session of hypofractionated radiotherapy, 15 (46.9%) had radiodermatitis, erythema in 13 (40.6%), and wet peeling in 2 (6.3%). In the post-treatment evaluation, 27 (84.4%) had radiodermatitis, erythema in 17 (53.1%), dry peeling in 8 (25%), and wet peeling in 2 (6.3%). CONCLUSION: The general incidence of radiodermatitis after hypofractionated radiotherapy in women with breast cancer was 37.5%, erythema, 12.5%, and dry peeling, 25%. The development of care protocols for the management of radiodermatitis after treatment is of paramount importance.

Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in radiation dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the prevention and treatment of radiation dermatitis (RD). METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using seven databases and the gray literature. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the effect sizes of response rates (RRs). RESULTS: We included seven clinical trials. Breast cancer patients receiving PBMT developed more grade 1 RD than the control group (RR 1.55, 95 % CI 1.14-2.10, I2 = 51 %). PBMT appears to prevent RD grade 2 (RR 0.33, 95 % CI 0.09-1.23, I2 = 85 %) and RD grade 3 (RR 0.21, 95 % CI 0.05-0.94, I2 = 0%) with very low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS: There is very low certainty of evidence that PBMT was effective in the prevention of RD. However, PBMT showed a significant effect to prevent grade 3 RD in breast cancer patients. Thus, further randomized clinical trials are required to confirm the promising effect of PBMT in RD.

Oncology teaching in undergraduate nursing at public institutions courses in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the occurrence of oncology teaching in undergraduate nursing curricula. METHODS: descriptive study, which data was obtained from curriculum and from Pedagogical Course Projects available on the websites from Brazilian public institutions, between June and July 2020. RESULTS: 143 undergraduate nursing courses were identified. From them, 132 nursing courses (corresponding to 89 education institutions) had available the curriculum and/or Pedagogical Course Projects. Only 7 (5.3%) of them had oncology as a mandatory subject, 4 of them in the Midwest Region. Only 35 (26.5%) had elective subject in Oncology, most of them in the Northeast (45.7%). CONCLUSIONS: on third of nursing courses at public institutions has Oncology subject in the curriculum, which is few considering the high incidence and mortality from cancer in the country. The findings contribute for discussions, in curricular accommodation, on the relevance of oncology teaching in nursing curricula.

Acute radiodermatitis in cancer patients: incidence and severity estimates.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and distribution of the degree of radiodermatitis in cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy in the regions of head and neck, breast, and pelvis. METHOD: Prospective, longitudinal, quantitative study conducted from March 15, 2016 to May 4, 2017 with patients observed for five weeks of treatment. The primary outcome was the proportion of grade 1 or higher radiodermatitis each week. The degree of radiodermatitis and mean time of occurrence for each patient were secondary outcomes. RESULTS: This study included 112 patients. The incidence of radiodermatitis was 100% among those whose head and neck region was irradiated, followed by 98% for breast and 48% for the pelvic region. The degree of radiodermatitis varied with the irradiated site; the worst degrees were found in the head and neck region, followed by the breast. In the three groups, the mean time of the first occurrence of radiodermatitis was approximately eleven days. CONCLUSION: The incidence of radiodermatitis in the studied groups was high, which reinforces the need to perform the same evaluation nationwide. This would support creating and standardizing protocols and recommendations for a proper management of radiodermatitis, specially concerning its prevention.

Oncology teaching in undergraduate nursing at public institutions courses in Brazil / Enseñanza de oncología en los cursos de grado en Enfermería de instituciones públicas brasileñas / Ensino de oncologia nos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem de instituições públicas brasileiras

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the occurrence of oncology teaching in undergraduate nursing curricula. Methods: descriptive study, which data was obtained from curriculum and from Pedagogical Course Projects available on the websites from Brazilian public institutions, between June and July 2020. Results: 143 undergraduate nursing courses were identified. From them, 132 nursing courses (corresponding to 89 education institutions) had available the curriculum and/or Pedagogical Course Projects. Only 7 (5.3%) of them had oncology as a mandatory subject, 4 of them in the Midwest Region. Only 35 (26.5%) had elective subject in Oncology, most of them in the Northeast (45.7%). Conclusions: on third of nursing courses at public institutions has Oncology subject in the curriculum, which is few considering the high incidence and mortality from cancer in the country. The findings contribute for discussions, in curricular accommodation, on the relevance of oncology teaching in nursing curricula.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar ocurrencia de enseñanza de oncología en currículos de grado en Enfermería. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, datos obtenidos de la matriz curricular y del Proyecto Pedagógico de Cursos disponibles en el sitio de instituciones públicas brasileñas, entre junio y julio de 2020. Resultados: identificados 143 cursos de grado en Enfermería. De estos, 132 cursos de Enfermería (correspondientes a 89 instituciones de enseñanza) proveían la matriz curricular y/o Proyecto Pedagógico de Cursos. Solo 7 (5,3%) de ellos poseían disciplina obligatoria de oncología, siendo 4 en el Centro-Oeste. Solamente 35 (26,5%) proveían disciplina optativa en oncología, la mayoría en el Nordeste (45,7%). Conclusiones: un tercio de los cursos de Enfermería de instituciones públicas brasileñas tienen enseñanza de oncología en el currículo, lo que es poco considerando la alta incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer en el país. Esto contribuye para discusiones, en reformas curriculares, sobre la relevancia de enseñanza de oncología en currículos de Enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar a ocorrência de ensino de oncologia nos currículos de graduação em Enfermagem. Métodos: estudo descritivo, cujos dados foram obtidos da matriz curricular e do Projeto Pedagógico de Cursos disponíveis nos sites de instituições públicas brasileiras, entre junho e julho de 2020. Resultados: foram identificados 143 cursos de graduação em Enfermagem. Destes, 132 cursos de Enfermagem (correspondentes a 89 instituições de ensino) disponibilizavam a matriz curricular e/ou Projeto Pedagógico de Cursos. Apenas 7 (5,3%) deles possuíam disciplina obrigatória de oncologia, sendo 4 na região Centro-Oeste. Somente 35 (26,5%) disponibilizavam disciplina optativa em oncologia, a maioria no Nordeste (45,7%). Conclusões: um terço dos cursos de Enfermagem de instituições públicas brasileiras tem o ensino de oncologia no currículo, o que é pouco considerando a alta incidência e mortalidade por câncer no país. Os achados contribuem para discussões, em reformas curriculares, sobre a relevância do ensino de oncologia nos currículos de Enfermagem.

Impacto da Radiodermatite na estética corporal de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço / Impact of Radiodermatitis on body aesthetics in head and neck cancer patients / Impacto de la Radiodermatitis en la estética corporal de pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello

Objetivo: descrever o impacto da radiodermatite na estética corporal em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos à radioterapia. Método: estudo exploratório descritivo, do tipo série de casos, realizado no ambulatório de radioterapia de um hospital de ensino. Foram incluídos dez pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço que foram submetidos à radioterapia no período de 2015 a 2017. A coleta dos dados foi realizada com instrumento construído para esse fim e por meio de registro fotográfico. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva, apresentando-se o cálculo da frequência. Resultados: todos os pacientes apresentaram sinais característicos de radiodermatite, principalmente os sinais clínicos de epilação (nos homens), hiperpigmentação e descamação seca, que afetam a estética corporal. Conclusão: a estética corporal dos pacientes acompanhados foi alterada em decorrência dos sinais clínicos da radiodermatite. Destaca-se a importância de avaliar essas alterações em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos à radioterapia.

Objective: to describe the impact of radiodermatitis on body aesthetics in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Method: this is an exploratory descriptive case series study conducted at the radiotherapy outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital. Ten patients with head and neck cancer who underwent radiotherapy from 2015 to 2017 were included. Data collection was performed with an instrument designed for this purpose and through photographic record. Data was analyzed descriptively, presenting the calculation of frequency. Results: all patients presented characteristic signs of radiodermatitis, mainly the clinical signs of epilation (in men), hyperpigmentation and dry scaling, which affect body aesthetics. Conclusion: the body aesthetics of the followed patients was altered as a result of the clinical signs of radiodermatitis. It is important to evaluate these changes in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy.

Objetivo: describir impacto de la radiodermatitis en la estética corporal en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello sometidos a radioterapia. Método: estudio exploratorio descriptivo, del tipo serie de casos, realizado en ambulatorio de radioterapia de un hospital de enseñanza. Incluidos diez pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello que fueron sometidos a radioterapia entre 2015 y 2017. Recolecta de datos fue realizada con instrumento construido para ese fin y mediante registro fotográfico. Los datos fueron analizados de manera descriptiva, presentándose el cálculo de la frecuencia. Resultados: todos los pacientes presentaron síntomas característicos de radiodermatitis, principalmente síntomas clínicos de epilación (en los hombres), hiperpigmentación y descamación seca, que afectan la estética corporal. Conclusión: la estética corporal de los pacientes acompañados fue alterada en decurso de los síntomas clínicos de la radiodermatitis. Se destaca la importancia de evaluar esas alteraciones en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello sometidos a radioterapia.

Acute radiodermatitis in cancer patients: incidence and severity estimates / Radiodermatitis aguda en pacientes con cáncer: estimación de la incidencia y la severidad / Radiodermatite aguda em pacientes com câncer: estimativa de incidência e severidade

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the incidence and distribution of the degree of radiodermatitis in cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy in the regions of head and neck, breast, and pelvis. Method: Prospective, longitudinal, quantitative study conducted from March 15, 2016 to May 4, 2017 with patients observed for five weeks of treatment. The primary outcome was the proportion of grade 1 or higher radiodermatitis each week. The degree of radiodermatitis and mean time of occurrence for each patient were secondary outcomes. Results: This study included 112 patients. The incidence of radiodermatitis was 100% among those whose head and neck region was irradiated, followed by 98% for breast and 48% for the pelvic region. The degree of radiodermatitis varied with the irradiated site; the worst degrees were found in the head and neck region, followed by the breast. In the three groups, the mean time of the first occurrence of radiodermatitis was approximately eleven days. Conclusion: The incidence of radiodermatitis in the studied groups was high, which reinforces the need to perform the same evaluation nationwide. This would support creating and standardizing protocols and recommendations for a proper management of radiodermatitis, specially concerning its prevention.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia y la distribución del grado de radiodermatitis en pacientes con cáncer sometidos a radioterapia en las regiones de la cabeza y el cuello, la mama y la pelvis. Método: Estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y cuantitativo realizado entre el 15 de marzo de 2016 y el 4 de mayo de 2017 con pacientes observados durante cinco semanas de tratamiento. El resultado primario fue la proporción de radiodermatitis grado 1 o superior cada semana. El grado de radiodermatitis y el tiempo medio de la primera aparición en cada paciente fueron resultados secundarios. Resultados: Participaron 112 pacientes. La incidencia de radiodermatitis fue del 100% entre los que se irradiaron en la región de la cabeza y el cuello, seguida del 98% en la mama y el 48% en la pelvis. El grado de radiodermatitis variaba según el sitio de irradiación, con peores grados en la región de la cabeza y el cuello, seguida de la mama. En los tres grupos, el tiempo medio para la primera aparición de radiodermatitis fue de aproximadamente 11 días. Conclusión: La incidencia de la radiodermatitis fue elevada en los grupos estudiados, lo que reitera la necesidad de hacer la misma evaluación en todo el país. Esta evaluación fomentaría la creación y la uniformización de los protocolos y recomendaciones para el manejo adecuado de la radiodermatitis, especialmente en lo que respecta a su prevención.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a incidência e a distribuição de graduação de radiodermatite em pacientes com câncer submetidos à radioterapia nas regiões de cabeça e pescoço, mama e pelve. Método: Estudo prospectivo, longitudinal, quantitativo, realizado durante o período de 15 de março de 2016 a 4 de maio de 2017 com pacientes observados ao longo de cinco semanas de tratamento. O desfecho primário foi proporção de radiodermatite grau 1 ou superior em cada semana. Graduação de radiodermatite e tempo médio para a primeira ocorrência em cada paciente foram desfechos secundários. Resultados: Participaram 112 pacientes. A incidência de radiodermatite foi de 100% entre os que irradiaram a região de cabeça e pescoço, seguida por 98% em mama e 48% na pelve. A graduação de radiodermatite variou de acordo com o local da irradiação, com piores graduações na região de cabeça e pescoço, seguida por mama. Nos três grupos, o tempo médio para a primeira ocorrência de radiodermatite foi de aproximadamente 11 dias. Conclusão: A incidência de radiodermatite foi alta nos grupos estudados, o que reitera a necessidade de se fazer a mesma avaliação em âmbito nacional. Essa avaliação incentivaria a criação e a uniformização de protocolos e recomendações para o manejo adequado da radiodermatite, principalmente no que concerne à sua prevenção.

Validation of an educational manual for breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: to validate the content and appearance of an educational manual for breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. METHOD: methodological research, which had the Theory of Psychometry as a theoretical-methodological reference. The minimum 80% Concordance Index was considered to ensure the adequacy of the material. The sample consisted of 17 experts in the subject area of the educational manual and 12 patients previously submitted to radiotherapy due to the diagnosis of breast cancer. RESULTS: two items of the expert evaluation tool were found to have a concordance index <80%. The other items were considered adequate and/or totally adequate in the three blocks of analysis proposed for the experts: objectives - 89.07%, structure and presentation - 92.94%, and relevance - 93.13%; and good and/or very good in the five blocks of analysis proposed for the patients: objectives, organization, writing style, appearance, and motivation, all with 100% agreement rate. CONCLUSION: the educational manual, after having been perfected based on the suggestions of the sample and the scientific literature, was considered valid according to its content and appearance, suggesting its contribution to the clinical practice of nursing and to the understanding of the treatment to which patients with breast cancer are submitted.

Avaliação da adesão ao autocuidado em mulheres submetidas à braquiterapia ginecológica / Evaluación de la adhesión al autocuidado en las mujeres que se someten a la braquiterapia ginecológica / Evaluation of women's adherence to self-care while undergoing gynecological brachytherapy

Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão das mulheres com câncer cervical às orientações de autocuidado relacionadas à braquiterapia. Método: Estudo longitudinal, realizado em um ambulatório de radioterapia na região centro-oeste, com mulheres com câncer cervical submetidas à braquiterapia. As participantes responderam ao questionário sobre adesão às orientações de autocuidado durante o tratamento. Resultados: Trinta mulheres com idade entre 22 e 76 anos participaram do estudo. Das 12 orientações, as pacientes reportaram adesão boa em seis(50%), moderada em quatro (33%), e baixa em duas (17%). Apenas sete (23%) das pacientes aderiram ao uso de dilatadores vaginais pós-braquiterapia para prevenção da estenose vaginal. Em média, as pacientes aderiram à nove das doze orientações recebidas. Conclusão: As pacientes apresentaram boa e moderada adesão para a maioria das orientações fornecidas. Sugere-se que intervenções educativas sejam implementadas para melhorar a comunicação visual e consequentemente melhorar a adesão às orientações de autocuidado em braquiterapia(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the adherence of women with cervical cancer to self-care guidelines related to brachytherapy. Method: Longitudinal study, performed in an outpatient radiotherapy clinic in the center-west region, with women with cervical cancer submitted to brachytherapy. Participants answered the questionnaire on adherence to self-care guidelines during treatment. Results: Thirty women between 22 and 76 years of age participated in the study. Of the 12 guidelines, patients reported good adherence to six (50%), moderate adherence to four (33%), and low adherence to two (17%). Only seven (23%) patients adhered to the use of postbrachytherapy vaginal dilators for prevention of vaginal stenosis. On average, the patients adhered to nine of the twelve guidelines received. Conclusion: The patients showed good and moderate adherence to most of the orientations provided. Educational interventions should be implemented to improve visual communication and consequently improve adherence to self-care guidelines in brachytherapy.(AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar la adhesión de las mujeres con cáncer de cuello uterino a las pautas de autocuidado relacionadas con la braquiterapia. Método: Estudio longitudinal, realizado en una clínica de radioterapia ambulatoria en la región centro-oeste, con mujeres con cáncer de cuello de útero sometidas a braquiterapia. Las participantes respondieron al cuestionario sobre la adhesión a las directrices de autocuidado durante el tratamiento. Resultados: Treinta mujeres entre 22 y 76 años de edad participaron en el estudio. De las 12 directrices, las pacientes informaron de una buena adhesión en seis (50%), una adhesión moderada en cuatro (33%) y una baja adhesión en dos (17%). Sólo siete (23%) de las pacientes se adhirieron al uso de dilatadores vaginales después de la braquiterapia para la prevención de la estenosis vaginal. En promedio, las pacientes se adhirieron a nueve de las doce pautas recibidas. Conclusión: Las pacientes tuvieron una buena y moderada adhesión a la mayoría de las orientaciones proporcionadas. Se sugiere que se realicen intervenciones educativas para mejorar la comunicación visual y, por consiguiente, mejorar la adhesión a las directrices de autocuidado en la braquiterapia(AU)

Perfil microbiológico da colonização do sítio de inserção do cateter venoso central considerando dois curativos transparentes / Microbiological assessment of the colonization of a central venous catheter insertion site considering two transparent dressings

RESUMO: Modelo do Estudo: estudo transversal da fase prospectiva de um ensaio clínico. Objetivo: identificar os microrganismos e a sensibilidade antimicrobiana no sítio de inserção do cateter venoso central coberto pelo curativo gel de clorexidina ou pelo filme transparente de poliuretano. Metodologia: estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado com adultos críticos no período de abril a dezembro de 2014 em um hospital universitário no interior do estado de São Paulo. Imediatamente após a retirada do curativo, foi coletada amostra de swab da pele do sítio de inserção do cateter, semeado em placas de Agar sangue e Agar MacConkey e incubadas em estufas bacteriológicas a 35 °C. Nas amostras que apresen-taram crescimento bacteriano após 24 horas de incubação, foram realizados testes de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos utilizando o equipamento automatizado Vitek II (Biomerieux®). Resultados: 45 pacientes fizeram uso do curativo gel de clorexidina e 47 utilizaram o filme transparente de poliuretano. No grupo com o curativo gel de clorexidina houve crescimento dos microrganismos Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis em 13 amostras de swabs. O Staphylococcus aureusapresentou resistência a oxacilina. No grupo do filme transparente de poliuretano seis amostras foram positivas com o crescimento de Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus e Klebsiella pneumoniae, esta resistente a amicacina (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase - KPC). Conclusão: os resultados demonstram maior crescimento bacteriano no sítio de inserção do cateter venoso central coberto pelo curativo gel de clorexidina quando comparado ao filme transparente de poliuretano. (AU)

ABSTRACT: Study design: a prospective, cross-sectional study. Objectives: identify microbiological growth at the insertion site of the central venous catheter covered by a chlorhexidine impregnated dressing or a transparent polyurethane dressing, and identify antimicrobial sensitivity. Methods: immediately after dressing removal, a skin swab was collected from the catheter insertion site and seeded in blood agar plates and MacConkey agar, then incubated in bacteriological incubators at 35 °C. After 24 hours, the plates were analyzed to verify the presence of microbial growth. In the samples that displayed microbial growth, the identification and the sensitivity test were performed using the automated equipment Vitek II (Biomerieux®). Results: A total of 45 patients were treated with chlorhexidine impregnated dressing and 47 with transparent polyurethane dressing. In the chlorhexidine dressing group, 13 swabs samples presented with microbial growth of the following bacterial populations: Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aureus presented resistance to oxacillin. In the transparent polyurethane dressing group, six samples were positive for the growth of Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and amikacin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (Klebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase - KPC). Conclusion: The results demonstrate higher bacterial growth in the chlorhexidine impregnated dressing compared to the transparent polyurethane dressing. (AU)